Risiko Kecelakaan kerja : Perspektif Pegawai terhadap Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja

Andika Mayansara; Muhammad Atnang; Dwiyanti Dwiyanti; La banudi

doi:10.36990/hijp.v17i2.1543

Authors

Andika Mayansara Jurusan Administrasi Rumah Sakit, Fakultas Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan, ISTEK ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Indonesia
Muhammad Atnang Jurusan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan, ISTEK ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Indonesia
Dwiyanti Dwiyanti Jurusan Administrasi Rumah Sakit, Fakultas Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan, ISTEK ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Indonesia, Indonesia
La banudi Jurusan Gizi, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36990/hijp.v17i2.1543

Keywords:

Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Implementasi

Abstract

Ringkasan: Latar belakang: Angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia mencapai 162.327 kasus pada periode Januari-Mei 2024, dengan sektor kelistrikan berisiko tinggi. PT PLN menghadapi berbagai bahaya seperti sengatan listrik, jatuh dari ketinggian, dan tiang roboh yang memerlukan implementasi SMK3 efektif. Tujuan: Menganalisis risiko kecelakaan kerja berdasarkan perspektif pegawai PT PLN terhadap implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan 110 responden menggunakan simple random sampling, kuesioner berbasis PP No. 50/2012 dengan 20 item skala Likert, analisis Chi-Square dan Odds Ratio. Hasil: Implementasi SMK3 kategori kurang (59,1%) berhubungan signifikan dengan risiko kecelakaan kerja (OR=6,641; p=0,000). Responden menilai adanya risiko kecelakaan kerja (63,6%), menunjukkan kesadaran tinggi terhadap bahaya. Simpulan: SMK3 yang kurang meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan 6,641 kali, implementasi signifikan mempengaruhi keselamatan kerja. Saran: Pelatihan K3 terstruktur, budaya keselamatan komprehensif, pemantauan berkala, dan penguatan sosialisasi kebijakan untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan kerja.

References

Auliasari, P., Haeruddin, & Masriadi. (2022). Hubungan Penerapan Program SMK3 Dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pekerja Di PT. Industri Kapal Indonesia (PERSERO) Makassar. Window of Public Health Journal, 3(5), 889–900. https://doi.org/10.33096/woph.v3i5.759

Ayu, S., Jayadipraja, E. A., & Harun, A. A. (2019). Hubungan Penerapan Standar Operasional Prosedur Dan Pelatihan Dengan Kejadian Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Karyawan Di PT. PLN Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan Kota Kendari. PROMOTIF: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 170–177.

Bagheri, T., Salehi, S. H., Fatemi, M. J., Hoveidamanesh, S., Rahbar, A., & Momeni, M. (2024). Investigation of High-Risk Areas of Electrical Damage in the Province of Tehran. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 37(4), 281–286.

Bautista-Bernal, I., Quintana-García, C., & Marchante-Lara, M. (2024). Safety culture, safety performance and financial performance. A longitudinal study. Safety Science, 172(May 2023), 106409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106409

Cao, Z., Zhou, T., Miao, S., Wang, L., & Wang, Z. (2025). Exploring the economic occupational health, safety, and fatal accidents in high-risk industries. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21583-0

Elsa, A., Susanto, N., Industri, D. T., Teknik, F., & Diponegoro, U. (n.d.). PENERIMAAN BBMP DENGAN METODE RAPID ENTIRE BODY ASSESMENT ( REBA ) Studi Kasus?: PT . Pertamina Patra Niaga Aviation Fuel Terminal Ahmad Yani. 1–8.

Fioh, T. M., Roga, A. U., Salmun, J. A. R., & Telupere, F. M. S. (2021). Implementasi sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di Pt. Pln (Persero) Rayon Rote Ndao. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya Dan Lingkungan, 10(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.22437/jels.v10i1.12455

ILO. (2020). Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems: ILO-OSH 2001 Guidelines.

Ketenagakerjaan, B. (2024). Kasus Kecelakaan Kerja Tahun 2024. https://satudata.kemnaker.go.id/data/kumpulan-data/2447

Kuhn, E., Müller, S., Teusch, C., Tanner, G., Schümann, M., Baur, C., Bamberg, E., Heidbrink, L., McLennan, S., & Buyx, A. (2021). Interfaces of occupational health management and corporate social responsibility: a multi-centre qualitative study from Germany. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11016-z

Kumar, D., & Bhattacharjee, R. M. (2023). Reducing workplace unsafe behaviour using risk classification, profiling, risk tolerance approach. Heliyon, 9(3), e13969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13969

Kusma, V. V., Gerônimo, B. M., Zola, F. C., Aragão, F. V., De Genaro Chiroli, D. M., & Kovaleski, J. L. (2024). A maturity model of occupational safety and health in industry 4.0: An analysis in Brazilian organizations. Journal of Safety and Sustainability, 1(4), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsasus.2024.11.002

Magalhães, L. M. C. A., Silva Costa, K. T. da, Capistrano, G. N., Leal, M. D., & de Andrade, F. B. (2022). A study on occupational health and safety. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14584-w

Mayansara, A., Yanti, S. D., & Anita, F. (2025). Implementation of the No Smoking Area ( KTR ) Rule?: Progress , Setbacks , and Future Projections of Tobacco Control. 3(1), 1–8.

Michaels, D., & Barab, J. (2020). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 50: Protecting workers in a changing economy. American Journal of Public Health, 110(5), 621–647. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305597

Noh, J., Lee, S., & Cho, H. C. (2023). The impact of corporate culture on industrial accidents in high-risk industries: a cross-sectional survey. Industrial Health, 61(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2021-0252

Pauliková, A., Chovancová, J., & Blahová, J. (2022). Cluster Modeling of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems for Integration Support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116588

Pelawi, E. K., Girsang, E., & Nasution, A. N. (2024). The K3 Policy Strategy To Improve Worker Safety In PT . Nusa Raya Cipta TBK Medan In 2023. Sean Institute Science Analytic, 13(04), 2021–2030.

Pemerintah, P. (2012). Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 tentang Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja. In Kementerian Sekretariat Negara.

Prisnayanti, D. R., & Widowati, E. (2024). Implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System at PT X. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Dan Ilmu Gizi, 2(3), 179–191.

Putra, P. S., Wijayanti, R., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2022). The effect of safety knowledge and workplace safety climate on safety performance with safety behavior as a mediator. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(3), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i3.1705

Razu, M., Eka Adelia, A., & Bati Asmara, P. (2025). Evaluasi Efektivitas Alat Pelindung Diri (Apd) Dalam Mencegah Kecelakaan Di Industri Listrik. Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Naratif, 06(1), 234–246. https://ijurnal.com/1/index.php/jipn

Saboli, A. M., Banudi, L., & Sunarsih, S. (2019). Peran Dukungan Masyarakat terhadap Penerapan Peraturan Daerah tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. Health Information?: Jurnal Penelitian, 11(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.36990/hijp.v11i2.129

Song, Y., Wang, J., Liu, D., & Guo, F. (2022). Study of Occupational Safety Risks in Prefabricated Building Hoisting Construction Based on HFACS-PH and SEM. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031550

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tejamaya, M., Puspoprodjo, W., Susetyo, H., & Modjo, R. (2021). An analysis of pivotal factors in the implementation of occupational health and safety management systems in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs): Literature review. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S348–S359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.050

Wernke, A. da R., Teixeira, M. C. L., Kock, B. de O., Sousa, O. L. O., de Melo, A. C. M. C., Sakae, T. M., & Magajewski, F. R. L. (2021). Risk rates of workplace accidents in Brazil: effect of the Accidental Prevention Factor (APF)? Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 26(12), 6079–6088. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212612.14822021

Yilmaz, M., Yildiz, S., & Zorlu, F. (2020). The Importance of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and OHS Budgeting in terms of Social Sustainability in Construction Sector. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.37421/jcde.2020.10.353

Zara, J., Nordin, S. M., & Isha, A. S. N. (2023). Influence of communication determinants on safety commitment in a high-risk workplace: a systematic literature review of four communication dimensions. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(August). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225995

Zhou, L. J., Cao, Q. G., Yu, K., Wang, L. L., & Wang, H. Bin. (2018). Research on occupational safety, health management and risk control technology in coal mines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050868