Hubungan Hiperglikemia Dengan Retinopati Pada Bayi Prematur

Abstract

Retinopathy in premature infants (retinopathy of prematurity/ROP) is an ischemic neovascularization disease in premature infants which may cause the formation of scar tissue to retinal detachment. ROP itself is the cause of blindness in 15% of babies in developing countries. There are several possible risk factors for ROP, namely gestational age, birth weight, maternal factors, oxidative stress, conditions of hypoxia and hyperoxia, proteinuria, and hyperglycemia. Since hyperglycemia is a risk factor that could be modified, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the incidence of retinopathy in premature infants with hyperglycemia. This study was conducted using the literature review method using the key words neonatal hyperglycemia, retinopathy, and premature infants. The author looked for a collection of literature reviews from various reliable sources and 15 journals were chosen from the selection process with the open access criteria. The cut-off point of neonatal hyperglycemia is blood sugar levels above 150 mg/dL or 8.5 mmol/L. A relationship was found between neonatal hyperglycemia and ROP due to low levels of Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)-1 in premature infants. IGF-1 levels are inversely related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a role in the progressive phase of ROP. This literature study discusses the relationship between neonatal hyperglycemia and the incidence of ROP and the research that supports it.